Hypersegmented neutrophil

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Hypersegmented neutrophil

A hypersegmented neutrophil is a type of neutrophil characterized by an abnormally high number of nuclear lobes. Typically, a normal neutrophil has 3-5 lobes, but a hypersegmented neutrophil has 6 or more. This condition is often associated with certain types of anemia, particularly megaloblastic anemia.

Causes

Hypersegmented neutrophils are most commonly seen in megaloblastic anemia, which is usually due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate. These deficiencies lead to impaired DNA synthesis, which affects rapidly dividing cells, including those in the bone marrow.

Diagnosis

The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils is typically identified through a blood smear examination. A hematologist will look for the characteristic multi-lobed nuclei in neutrophils. The finding of hypersegmented neutrophils can be a key diagnostic feature in identifying underlying conditions such as pernicious anemia or folate deficiency.

Associated Conditions

• Megaloblastic anemia
• Pernicious anemia
• Folate deficiency
• Myelodysplastic syndromes

Treatment

Treatment of hypersegmented neutrophils involves addressing the underlying cause. For instance, if the condition is due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, supplementation with vitamin B12 is required. Similarly, folate deficiency is treated with folate supplements. In cases where the condition is due to myelodysplastic syndromes, more specialized treatments may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with hypersegmented neutrophils depends on the underlying cause. For vitamin deficiencies, the prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, for more complex conditions like myelodysplastic syndromes, the prognosis can vary.

See also

• Neutrophil
• Anemia
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Pernicious anemia
• Folate deficiency
• Myelodysplastic syndromes