Hypodontia

Hypodontia is a dental condition characterized by the absence of one or more teeth. This can occur in both the primary and permanent dentition. Hypodontia is one of the most common developmental anomalies in human dentition, affecting approximately 20% of the population.

Etiology

The etiology of hypodontia is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2, which are involved in tooth development. Environmental factors include prenatal exposure to drugs, radiation, or infections.

Classification

Hypodontia is classified based on the number of missing teeth. If one to six teeth are missing, it is referred to as hypodontia. If more than six teeth are missing, it is referred to as oligodontia. If all teeth are missing, it is referred to as anodontia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hypodontia is typically made through dental examinations and radiographs. In some cases, genetic testing may be used to identify mutations associated with hypodontia.

Treatment

Treatment for hypodontia depends on the number of missing teeth and the patient's age and overall health. Options may include dental implants, bridges, or dentures. In some cases, orthodontic treatment may be needed to correct malocclusion caused by hypodontia.

See also

• Tooth development
• Dental anomalies
• Dental genetics