Oligodontia

Oligodontia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. It is a form of hypodontia, which is the absence of one to six teeth, and is often associated with disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia and Down syndrome.

Etiology

The exact cause of oligodontia is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes have been associated with oligodontia. These genes are involved in the development of teeth and mutations can disrupt this process, leading to the absence of teeth.

Clinical Features

Patients with oligodontia often present with missing teeth, which can be detected through dental examinations and radiographs. Other features may include small and misshapen teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and malocclusion. The absence of teeth can also affect the development of the jaw and facial structure, leading to changes in facial appearance.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of oligodontia is based on clinical examination and radiographic findings. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify mutations in the associated genes.

Treatment

Treatment for oligodontia is aimed at improving the function and appearance of the teeth. This may involve the use of dental prosthetics, such as dentures or dental implants, to replace missing teeth. Orthodontic treatment may also be required to correct malocclusion.

See Also

• Hypodontia
• Ectodermal dysplasia
• Down syndrome

References

Oligodontia Resources
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