IFIH1
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O)
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a dual classification system used primarily in tumor or cancer registries. It is a derivative of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), specifically designed to facilitate the collection, storage, and retrieval of data on cancer incidence and survival.
History[edit | edit source]
The ICD-O was first introduced in 1976, with subsequent revisions to improve its utility and accuracy. The current version, ICD-O-3, was published in 2000 and has been widely adopted by cancer registries around the world.
Structure[edit | edit source]
ICD-O is structured into two main axes:
- Topography: This axis uses the same three-character and four-character categories as in the ICD-10 for malignant neoplasms, which describe the anatomical site of the tumor. For example, C34.1 refers to the upper lobe of the lung.
- Morphology: This axis describes the histological type of the tumor and its behavior. It consists of a five-digit code, where the first four digits indicate the histological type and the fifth digit indicates the behavior of the tumor (e.g., benign, in situ, malignant, or uncertain).
Usage[edit | edit source]
ICD-O is primarily used by:
- Cancer Registries: To record and analyze data on cancer incidence and survival.
- Pathologists: To code the histological type of tumors in pathology reports.
- Epidemiologists: To conduct research on cancer trends and outcomes.
Advantages[edit | edit source]
The ICD-O system offers several advantages:
- Standardization: Provides a standardized way to code and classify tumors, facilitating international comparisons.
- Detail: Offers detailed information on both the anatomical site and histological type of tumors.
- Flexibility: Can be used in conjunction with other classification systems, such as the ICD-10 and SNOMED CT.
Challenges[edit | edit source]
Despite its advantages, ICD-O also presents some challenges:
- Complexity: The dual-axis system can be complex to use, requiring training and expertise.
- Updates: Keeping up with updates and revisions can be resource-intensive for registries.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
