Immune-mediated

Immune-mediated disease
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	N/A
Complications	N/A
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	N/A
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	N/A
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	N/A
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Immune-mediated diseases are conditions that result from abnormal activity of the body's immune system. In these diseases, the immune system may attack the body's own cells, leading to autoimmune diseases, or it may overreact to external substances, causing allergic reactions.

Types of Immune-mediated Diseases

Immune-mediated diseases can be broadly categorized into:

• Autoimmune diseases: These occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes.

• Allergic diseases: These are caused by the immune system's overreaction to harmless substances, known as allergens. Common allergic diseases include asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

• Immunodeficiency disorders: These occur when the immune system is underactive, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Examples include HIV/AIDS and primary immunodeficiency disorders.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases involves complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Genetic predisposition can play a significant role, as certain HLA alleles are associated with increased risk for specific autoimmune diseases. Environmental triggers, such as infections or exposure to certain chemicals, can initiate or exacerbate these conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of immune-mediated diseases typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common diagnostic tests include:

• Blood tests to detect specific autoantibodies or allergen-specific IgE
• Skin prick tests for allergies
• Imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI to assess tissue damage

Treatment

Treatment strategies for immune-mediated diseases aim to reduce symptoms, control the immune response, and prevent further tissue damage. Common treatments include:

• Immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids and biologics
• Antihistamines and decongestants for allergic conditions
• Lifestyle modifications and dietary changes

See also

• Immune system
• Inflammation
• Chronic disease