Immune tolerance
Immune tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism. It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen and contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens.
Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance[edit | edit source]
Immune tolerance involves various mechanisms, including clonal deletion, clonal anergy, and immune suppression.
- Clonal Deletion: This is the removal of B cells and T cells that react with self-antigens during their development. This process occurs in the bone marrow for B cells and in the thymus for T cells.
- Clonal Anergy: This is a state of functional inactivity induced in mature lymphocytes that encounter self-antigens in the absence of the co-stimulatory signals that are required for their activation.
- Immune Suppression: This involves the action of regulatory T cells that suppress the immune response against self-antigens.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Immune tolerance is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases, which occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. However, immune tolerance can also be a problem in certain situations, such as cancer, where the immune system tolerates cancer cells instead of destroying them.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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