Incompetent cervix

Incompetent cervix is a medical condition in women where the cervix begins to dilate (widen) and efface (thin) before the pregnancy has reached term. This can lead to a late miscarriage or preterm birth.

Causes

The exact cause of an incompetent cervix is not known. However, it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Some women may be born with a weak cervix, while others may develop the condition as a result of damage to the cervix during childbirth, surgery, or a previous miscarriage.

Symptoms

In many cases, an incompetent cervix causes no symptoms until a woman begins to miscarry or goes into preterm labor. Some women may experience a sensation of pelvic pressure, mild abdominal cramps, a change in vaginal discharge, or a sudden onset of backache.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an incompetent cervix can be challenging, as there are no specific tests for the condition. It is often diagnosed after a woman has experienced one or more late miscarriages. A history of rapid labor and delivery, or a previous preterm birth may also suggest the presence of an incompetent cervix.

Treatment

Treatment for an incompetent cervix depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of the pregnancy. Options may include close monitoring, bed rest, medications to prevent preterm labor, and a surgical procedure known as a cerclage, in which a stitch is placed around the cervix to help keep it closed.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment and monitoring, many women with an incompetent cervix are able to carry their pregnancies to term and deliver healthy babies.

See also

• Cervix
• Preterm birth
• Miscarriage
• Cerclage

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