Interleukin-10 receptor

Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a type of protein that is encoded by the IL10RA gene in humans. It is a part of the interleukin receptor family and plays a crucial role in the immune system by regulating the activity of immune cells.

Structure

The IL-10R is a transmembrane protein that consists of two subunits: IL-10R1 and IL-10R2. The IL-10R1 subunit is specific for the IL-10R, while the IL-10R2 subunit is shared with other members of the interleukin-10 family.

Function

The primary function of the IL-10R is to bind to interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine that has anti-inflammatory properties. Upon binding to IL-10, the IL-10R activates intracellular signal transduction pathways that lead to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This helps to regulate the immune response and prevent excessive inflammation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the IL10RA gene that encodes the IL-10R can lead to immune dysregulation and disease. For example, individuals with mutations in this gene can develop inflammatory bowel disease due to an inability to properly regulate the immune response in the gut. In addition, mutations in the IL10RA gene have been associated with a rare form of primary immunodeficiency known as IL-10R deficiency.

See also

• Interleukin-10
• Interleukin receptor
• Immune system
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Primary immunodeficiency