Interleukin-4 receptor

Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is a type of protein that in humans is encoded by the IL4R gene. It is a critical part of the immune system, specifically in the signaling of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines.

Structure

The IL-4R is a type I cytokine receptor. It is composed of two subunits: the alpha chain (IL-4Rα) and the gamma chain (γc). The IL-4Rα is specific to the IL-4R, while the γc is shared with other cytokine receptors, such as those for IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15.

Function

The primary function of the IL-4R is to bind to IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, which are released by T cells and other immune cells in response to an infection. Upon binding, the IL-4R triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to the activation of JAK-STAT pathway, promoting the differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells and the production of antibody by B cells.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the IL4R gene have been associated with several diseases, including asthma, atopy, and autoimmune diseases. In addition, the IL-4R has been implicated in the progression of certain types of cancer, as it can promote tumor growth and survival.

See also

• Interleukin-4
• Interleukin-13
• Cytokine receptor
• JAK-STAT signaling pathway