Interleukin-5

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a cytokine that acts as a key regulator in the life cycle of eosinophil cells, which are involved in the immune response, particularly in the induction of allergic and asthmatic reactions. IL-5 is produced by T helper-2 (Th2) cells and mast cells and stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophil precursors in the bone marrow.

Structure

Interleukin-5 is a 115-amino acid long chain, folded into a bundle of four alpha-helices. This structure is similar to that of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF, and other hematopoietic growth factors.

Function

IL-5 stimulates the growth and differentiation of immature eosinophils in the bone marrow and activates mature eosinophils, enhancing their survival, growth, and function. It also induces the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophil chemotaxis.

Clinical significance

IL-5 has been associated with several diseases, including asthma and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In asthma, IL-5 is released in response to an allergen and causes an increase in eosinophils, leading to inflammation and mucus production in the airways. In hypereosinophilic syndrome, a high level of IL-5 is produced, leading to an overproduction of eosinophils.

See also

• Interleukin
• Cytokine
• Eosinophil
• T helper cell
• Mast cell
• Allergy
• Asthma
• Interleukin-2
• Interleukin-3
• Interleukin-4
• Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• Hematopoietic growth factor
• Histamine
• Chemotaxis
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome

Interleukin-5 Resources
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