Interleukin 1-alpha

Interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. IL-1α is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis.

Structure

IL-1α is synthesized as a 31 kDa inactive precursor that is processed to its active form by calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease. The active cytokine is released from cells upon cell death and it remains functional even after the death of the cell.

Function

IL-1α is a key mediator of the inflammatory response and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The IL-1α protein is produced by macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells, and is expressed in a wide variety of tissues.

Clinical significance

IL-1α plays a critical role in the regulation of immune response and inflammation. It is implicated in a variety of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In the context of disease, understanding the role of IL-1α can provide important insights into the mechanisms of disease progression and offer potential therapeutic targets.

See also

• Interleukin 1
• Interleukin 1-beta
• Interleukin 1 receptor, type I
• Interleukin 1 receptor, type II