Isopropyl salicylate

Isopropyl salicylate

Isopropyl salicylate is an organic compound that belongs to the class of esters derived from salicylic acid. It is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a mild, pleasant odor, commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and as a fragrance in various consumer products. The compound's molecular formula is C₉H₁₀O₃, indicating it consists of nine carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms, and three oxygen atoms.

Properties

Isopropyl salicylate has several notable physical and chemical properties. It is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in alcohol and ether. This ester has a boiling point that ranges from 228 to 229 degrees Celsius and a specific gravity of approximately 1.13. Its pleasant aroma and antibacterial properties make it a valuable ingredient in the formulation of perfumes, lotions, and sunscreens.

Synthesis

The synthesis of isopropyl salicylate involves the esterification of salicylic acid with isopropanol. This reaction typically occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The process requires careful control of temperature and the molar ratios of reactants to yield isopropyl salicylate efficiently.

Applications

Pharmaceuticals

In the pharmaceutical industry, isopropyl salicylate is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is a component of some topical pain relievers and muscle relaxant formulations, where it contributes to alleviating pain and reducing inflammation when applied to the skin.

Cosmetics

Due to its pleasant scent and antibacterial properties, isopropyl salicylate is a common additive in cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, and sunscreens. It acts as a fixative that helps in prolonging the fragrance of these products. Additionally, its antibacterial action helps in preserving the shelf life of cosmetic formulations.

Industrial Uses

Isopropyl salicylate also finds applications in the industry as a solvent and a fragrance component in household cleaning products, air fresheners, and laundry detergents. Its solvent properties are useful in the formulation of paints and coatings.

Safety and Regulatory Aspects

While isopropyl salicylate is generally considered safe for use in consumer products, it must be handled with care in its concentrated form. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon prolonged exposure. Regulatory bodies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), monitor and regulate its use in various products to ensure consumer safety.