JMML

Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) is a rare and serious form of blood cancer that affects children, primarily those under the age of four. It is characterized by the overproduction of white blood cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to severe complications such as anemia, infection, and bleeding.

Symptoms

The symptoms of JMML can vary, but often include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and skin rash. Other symptoms may include pallor (pale skin), easy bruising or bleeding, and enlarged liver, spleen, and/or lymph nodes.

Causes

The exact cause of JMML is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by changes in the DNA of a cell in the bone marrow. These changes can be inherited or can occur randomly. Certain genetic conditions, such as NF1 and Noonan syndrome, are associated with an increased risk of developing JMML.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of JMML is based on clinical symptoms, blood tests, and bone marrow biopsy. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify any genetic mutations associated with the disease.

Treatment

Treatment for JMML typically involves chemotherapy to destroy the cancer cells, followed by a stem cell transplant to replace the damaged bone marrow. This can often cure the disease, but it can also lead to serious side effects and complications.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with JMML varies. Some children respond well to treatment and can live long, healthy lives. However, for others, the disease may be more aggressive and difficult to treat.

See also

• Leukemia
• Pediatric oncology
• Bone marrow transplant

References

JMML Resources
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