Jain monasticism

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Jain monasticism refers to the religious practice and lifestyle of monks and nuns in Jainism. Jain monastics are known for their strict adherence to the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa), non-possessiveness (Aparigraha), and asceticism. The monastic community is divided into two main sects: Digambara and Śvētāmbara.

History

Jain monasticism has its roots in the teachings of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, who lived in the 6th century BCE. Mahavira established a monastic order that emphasized rigorous ascetic practices and the renunciation of worldly attachments.

Monastic Orders

Jain monastics are organized into various orders, each with its own set of rules and practices. The two primary sects, Digambara and Śvētāmbara, have different interpretations of monastic codes.

Digambara

The Digambara sect believes that true asceticism requires the renunciation of all possessions, including clothing. Digambara monks, therefore, practice nudity as a symbol of their detachment from material possessions. They also carry a Kamandalu (water pot) and a Picchi (peacock feather broom) to gently remove insects from their path, adhering to the principle of non-violence.

Śvētāmbara

Śvētāmbara monks and nuns wear simple white robes. They also carry a broom made of woolen threads to sweep the ground before them, ensuring that they do not harm any living beings. Śvētāmbara monastics are allowed to possess a few personal items, such as a begging bowl and a scripture.

Monastic Vows

Jain monastics take five major vows, known as Mahavratas:

1. Ahimsa: Non-violence in thought, word, and deed.
2. Satya: Truthfulness.
3. Asteya: Non-stealing.
4. Brahmacharya: Celibacy.
5. Aparigraha: Non-possessiveness.

Daily Practices

Jain monastics follow a strict daily routine that includes:

• Pratikramana: A ritual of repentance and reflection.
• Samayika: A period of meditation and spiritual study.
• Bhiksha: Collecting alms for sustenance.
• Svadhyaya: Study of Jain scriptures.

Dietary Restrictions

Jain monastics adhere to a strict vegetarian diet and avoid root vegetables to prevent harm to microorganisms. They also practice Sallekhana, a ritual of fasting unto death, as a means of achieving spiritual liberation.

Related Pages

• Jainism
• Mahavira
• Tirthankara
• Ahimsa
• Aparigraha
• Digambara
• Śvētāmbara
• Sallekhana