Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)

Kashmir region. LOC 2003626427 - showing sub-regions administered by different countries

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Banihal Pass, Jammu and Kashmir, India

J,K and L - Indian Union Territories

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Jammu and Kashmir is a Union territory in the northern part of India. It was reconstituted from the former state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, on October 31, 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Jammu and Kashmir is bordered by the Indian territories of Ladakh to the east, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, as well as the countries of Pakistan to the west and China to the north and east.

History

The region of Jammu and Kashmir has a long and complex history, dating back to the 19th century when it was a princely state under British suzerainty. Following the partition of India in 1947, the princely state was given the option to join either India or Pakistan. Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, initially wanted to remain independent. However, following an invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan, he chose to accede to India in exchange for military aid and protection, leading to the first Indo-Pak war over the region.

Geography

Jammu and Kashmir is characterized by its diverse topography and breathtaking landscapes. The region is divided into three major areas: the Jammu plains, the Kashmir Valley, and the mountainous Ladakh region. The Jammu plains are known for their lush greenery and temperate climate, making it a popular tourist destination. The Kashmir Valley is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, with picturesque lakes, gardens, and mountains. Ladakh, on the other hand, is famous for its rugged terrain, Buddhist monasteries, and unique culture.

Demographics

The population of Jammu and Kashmir is diverse, comprising various ethnic groups and communities. The major religions practiced in the region are Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism, with Islam being the predominant religion in the Kashmir Valley and Hinduism in the Jammu region. The official languages are Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, and English.

Economy

The economy of Jammu and Kashmir is primarily agrarian, with agriculture and horticulture constituting the backbone. The region is famous for its production of saffron, apples, cherries, and other fruits. Handicrafts, such as Kashmiri shawls, carpets, and woodwork, also play a significant role in the economy, contributing to both the domestic and export markets. Tourism is another key sector, with the region's natural beauty, cultural heritage, and religious sites attracting visitors from around the world.

Politics and Governance

Jammu and Kashmir is administered as a union territory with a legislative assembly. The region has been a focal point of conflict between India and Pakistan, with both countries claiming it in its entirety. The political situation in Jammu and Kashmir has been volatile, with issues related to autonomy, governance, and insurgency being central to the discourse.

Culture

The culture of Jammu and Kashmir is a rich tapestry that reflects the diverse heritage of its people. It is known for its traditional music, dance, and festivals, which are an integral part of the local lifestyle. The region's cuisine, characterized by its aromatic spices and rich flavors, is also a significant aspect of its cultural identity.