K-wire

Kirschner wire

  File:K-wire.jpg

A typical Kirschner wire

This medical device related article is a stub.

A Kirschner wire, commonly referred to as a K-wire, is a thin, rigid wire used in orthopedic surgery to hold bone fragments together or to provide an anchor for skeletal traction. K-wires are typically made of stainless steel and are available in various diameters and lengths to suit different surgical needs.

History

The K-wire was invented by Martin Kirschner, a German surgeon, in the early 20th century. Kirschner developed this device to improve the fixation of bone fragments in fractures, particularly in the context of trauma surgery.

Design and Material

K-wires are made from high-grade stainless steel, which provides the necessary strength and resistance to corrosion. They are available in diameters ranging from 0.6 mm to 3.0 mm and can be cut to the desired length by the surgeon. The ends of the wire can be sharpened to facilitate insertion into bone.

Uses

K-wires are used in a variety of orthopedic procedures, including:

• Fracture fixation: K-wires are used to stabilize bone fragments in fractures, particularly in small bones such as those in the hand, wrist, and foot.
• Skeletal traction: K-wires can be used as anchors for applying traction to a limb.
• Arthrodesis: K-wires can be used to hold bones in place during the fusion of a joint.
• Osteotomy: K-wires can be used to stabilize bone segments after a surgical cut has been made to correct a deformity.

Insertion Technique

The insertion of K-wires is typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance to ensure accurate placement. The wire is inserted percutaneously or through a small incision, and it is advanced into the bone using a power drill or hand driver. Care must be taken to avoid damage to surrounding soft tissues and to ensure that the wire does not penetrate the joint space unless intended.

Complications

While K-wires are generally safe, potential complications include:

• Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the insertion site.
• Wire migration: K-wires can migrate from their original position, potentially causing damage to surrounding tissues.
• Breakage: The wire can break, especially if subjected to excessive stress.
• Soft tissue irritation: The ends of the wire can irritate surrounding soft tissues if not properly trimmed or buried.

Removal

K-wires are often removed after the bone has healed sufficiently, which can be done in an outpatient setting. The removal procedure is usually straightforward, involving the use of pliers to extract the wire.

Also see

• Orthopedic surgery
• Fracture fixation
• Skeletal traction
• Arthrodesis
• Osteotomy