Epidermoid cyst
(Redirected from Keratin cyst)
Epidermoid Cyst[edit | edit source]
An epidermoid cyst, also known as an epidermal cyst, is a common type of benign cyst that forms beneath the skin. These cysts are typically filled with keratin, a protein that is a key component of skin, hair, and nails. Epidermoid cysts are often found on the face, neck, and trunk, but they can occur anywhere on the body.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Epidermoid cysts develop when the epidermal cells, which are normally shed from the skin surface, become trapped in the deeper layers of the skin. This can occur due to a blocked hair follicle or a ruptured sebaceous gland. The trapped cells continue to produce keratin, leading to the formation of a cystic structure.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Epidermoid cysts are usually small, round, and firm to the touch. They are typically painless unless they become inflamed or infected. The overlying skin may appear normal or have a small central punctum, which is a visible opening on the surface of the cyst. In some cases, the cyst may rupture, releasing a thick, yellowish material with a characteristic odor.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst is primarily clinical, based on the appearance and location of the cyst. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions such as lipoma or sebaceous cyst.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of epidermoid cysts is not always necessary, especially if the cyst is small and asymptomatic. However, if the cyst becomes painful, infected, or cosmetically concerning, it may be removed surgically. The procedure involves making an incision over the cyst and removing the entire cyst wall and contents to prevent recurrence.
Complications[edit | edit source]
Complications of epidermoid cysts include infection, rupture, and inflammation. Infected cysts may require antibiotic treatment and drainage. Ruptured cysts can lead to inflammation and scarring.
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