Kubera

British Museum Ganesha Matrikas Kubera

Kubera - Circa 1st Century CE - Kosi Kalan - ACCN 18-1506 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5710

Kubera, the God of Riches LACMA M.69.13.8 (1 of 9)

Kubera is a significant figure in Hindu mythology, known as the god of wealth, treasure, and prosperity. He is also associated with the Lokapalas, the guardians of the directions, where he is the guardian of the North (Uttara-disha). Kubera is often depicted as a dwarf, with a complexion of lotus leaves and riding on a man. He is also described as having three legs and only eight teeth. Kubera's imagery and attributes symbolize his authority over wealth and his ability to grant riches.

Mythology

Kubera is said to be the son of Vishrava and Ilavida, making him the half-brother of the demon king Ravana. His association with wealth is evident in his kingdom, Alaka in the Himalayas, which is full of riches and surrounded by the mythical wish-fulfilling trees, the Kalpavriksha. He is also associated with the Nidhi, which are treasures that confer wealth and never diminish.

In Vedic literature, Kubera is not prominently featured, but his status as a deity associated with wealth becomes significant in the Puranas and Upanishads. He is also mentioned in Buddhism and Jainism, indicating his importance across several Indian religions. In Buddhism, he is known as Vaisravana, the guardian of the North, and is considered one of the Four Heavenly Kings. In Jainism, Kubera is a Yaksha (nature spirit) who serves as the attendant of the 19th Tirthankara, Mallinatha.

Worship

Kubera is worshipped by those seeking wealth and prosperity. His worship is often combined with that of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, especially during the festival of Diwali. The practice of Kubera worship involves specific mantras, such as the Kubera Ashtottara Shatanamavali, and rituals that are believed to attract wealth.

Iconography

In art, Kubera is depicted with a pot of money or a bag of seeds, symbolizing growth and prosperity. He is sometimes shown with a mongoose, which in mythology, is said to spit jewels. This iconography represents his ability to command wealth and ensure the prosperity of his devotees.

Cultural Impact

Kubera's influence extends beyond religious texts and rituals; he is a symbol of wealth and prosperity in Indian culture. Stories of Kubera caution against greed and emphasize the importance of generosity, suggesting that true wealth comes from giving. His figure is invoked in popular culture, literature, and art, serving as a reminder of the ethical dimensions of wealth and the responsibilities of those who possess it.

See Also

• Lakshmi
• Ravana
• Lokapalas
• Nidhi