L1CAM

The krait is a highly venomous snake belonging to the genus Bungarus in the family Elapidae. Kraits are found predominantly in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. They are known for their potent neurotoxic venom, which can cause paralysis and, if untreated, can be fatal to humans.

Description

Kraits are medium-sized snakes, typically ranging from 1 to 2 meters in length. They have smooth, glossy scales and are often banded in black and white or yellow, which provides them with excellent camouflage in their natural habitats. The head is slightly distinct from the neck, and they have a rounded snout.

Habitat

Kraits inhabit a variety of environments, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They are nocturnal and are often found near water bodies. During the day, they hide under rocks, logs, or in burrows.

Behavior

Kraits are primarily nocturnal hunters, preying on other snakes, including venomous species, as well as small mammals, lizards, and frogs. They are known for their reclusive nature and are not aggressive unless provoked.

Venom

The venom of kraits is highly neurotoxic, affecting the nervous system by blocking neuromuscular transmission. Symptoms of a krait bite can include abdominal pain, vomiting, and progressive paralysis. Without prompt medical treatment, respiratory failure can occur, leading to death.

Species

There are several species of kraits, including:

• Banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus)
• Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
• Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus)

Medical Importance

Krait bites are a significant medical concern in rural areas of their range. Antivenom is available and is the primary treatment for krait envenomation. Supportive care, including mechanical ventilation, may be necessary in severe cases.

Conservation

Most krait species are not currently considered endangered, but habitat destruction and human encroachment pose threats to their populations.

Also see

• Elapidae
• Neurotoxic venom
• Snakebite
• Antivenom