Lactational amenorrhea

Lactational amenorrhea refers to the natural postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic (not menstruating) and fully breastfeeding. It is a form of birth control that occurs naturally, but its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met.

Mechanism

The mechanism behind lactational amenorrhea is related to the hormonal changes that occur in response to breastfeeding. Prolactin, a hormone responsible for milk production, also inhibits the secretion of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), which are necessary for ovulation. Without ovulation, menstruation does not occur, providing a natural period of infertility. However, the effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method decreases over time, especially as the frequency of breastfeeding decreases or when supplemental feeding is introduced.

Criteria for Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is a recognized form of birth control based on the natural infertility provided by breastfeeding. For LAM to be considered effective, three criteria must be met:

1. The infant must be less than six months old.
2. The mother must be amenorrheic.
3. The infant must be exclusively breastfed on demand, both day and night, without the introduction of supplemental feedings.

When these conditions are met, LAM can be over 98% effective during the first six months postpartum.

Benefits and Limitations

The benefits of lactational amenorrhea include its natural and temporary nature, with no need for pharmaceuticals or devices. It also promotes bonding between mother and child and has health benefits for both. However, its limitations include a decrease in effectiveness over time, the need for exclusive breastfeeding, and the requirement that the mother remains amenorrheic and the infant is under six months old.

Comparison with Other Contraceptive Methods

While lactational amenorrhea is effective under specific conditions, it is less reliable than other forms of contraception such as Intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and Oral contraceptives. Women seeking long-term contraception may need to consider other options as their child begins to wean or introduce supplemental feedings.

Conclusion

Lactational amenorrhea is a natural form of contraception that can be effective in the immediate postpartum period under strict conditions. It offers several benefits but also has limitations and may not be suitable for all women as a long-term contraceptive method.