Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario Watershed

2Lake Ontario

USGS image cropped

Lake Ontario food web

Iroquois Settlement on the north shore of Lake Ontario 1665-1701

United States sloop of war General Pike, commodore Chauncey, and the British sloop of war Wolf, Sir James Yeo, Preparing for action, September 28, 1813

Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one of the Great Lakes located entirely within the United States and Canada's borders. It is the easternmost and smallest in surface area of the Great Lakes, though it exceeds Lake Erie in volume. The lake serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. Lake Ontario is bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by New York State in the United States.

Geography

Lake Ontario, with a surface area of approximately 7,340 square miles (19,000 km²), has a length of 193 miles (311 km) and a maximum width of 53 miles (85 km). The lake's average depth is 283 feet (86 m), with a maximum depth of about 802 feet (244 m). The lake's primary source is the Niagara River, draining Lake Erie, with the Saint Lawrence River serving as the outlet.

History

The name "Ontario" comes from the Iroquois word "Ontarí:io", meaning "great lake" or possibly "beautiful water". The region around Lake Ontario has been inhabited by various Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. European exploration began in the 17th century with French explorers, and the area became a contested region between France and Britain before becoming part of British North America.

Economy and Uses

Lake Ontario plays a crucial role in the regional economy, supporting commercial fishing, shipping, and tourism. The lake is a vital link in the Great Lakes Waterway, facilitating the movement of goods from the interior of North America to the Atlantic. Its shores are home to several major cities, including Toronto, the largest city in Canada, and Rochester in the United States.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental issues have been a concern for Lake Ontario, including pollution, habitat destruction, and invasive species. Efforts are ongoing to address these challenges through international cooperation between the United States and Canada, including the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

Recreation

Lake Ontario is a popular destination for recreational activities such as boating, fishing, and swimming. The lake's shores offer numerous parks, beaches, and scenic spots for visitors and locals alike.

See Also

• Great Lakes
• Saint Lawrence River
• Niagara River
• Ecosystem of the Great Lakes