Lamium

Lamium purpureum - verev iminõges Keilas

Scanograph of Lamium moschatum

Lamium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, commonly known as deadnettles. These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but several species have been widely introduced elsewhere and are found as invasive species in parts of North America. Lamium is characterized by its square stems, opposite leaves, and bilabiate (two-lipped) flowers. The common name "deadnettle" refers to the plant's resemblance to nettles, but unlike true nettles, Lamium species do not have stinging hairs and are harmless to touch.

Description

Lamium plants are herbaceous perennials, and some are annuals. They typically grow to a height of 20–80 cm. The leaves are often variegated, adding to the ornamental value of the plant. Flowers are produced in whorls on the upper part of the stem and can be white, pink, purple, or yellow, depending on the species. The flowers are attractive to bees and other pollinators, which play a crucial role in the plant's reproduction by facilitating pollination.

Taxonomy

The genus Lamium is part of the family Lamiaceae, which is known for its aromatic members, many of which are important in culinary and medicinal contexts. Within the genus, there are approximately 20-50 species, depending on the taxonomic interpretation. Some well-known species include Lamium album (white deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (red deadnettle), and Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle).

Ecology

Lamium species are found in a variety of habitats, from woodlands and forest edges to grasslands and urban areas. They prefer moist, shaded locations but can adapt to a range of soil types and conditions. As early spring bloomers, they are an important source of nectar for bees and other insects during a time when few other floral resources are available.

Uses

While Lamium species are often considered weeds in certain contexts, they have various uses. In horticulture, several species and their cultivars are grown as groundcover or ornamental plants for their attractive foliage and flowers. Lamium album, for example, has been used in traditional herbal medicine for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. The young leaves of some species can be eaten raw or cooked, adding a mild, slightly sweet flavor to salads and other dishes.

Conservation

The conservation status of Lamium species varies. While many are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and pollution have led to declines in some populations. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting sustainable land use practices to ensure the survival of these and other native plant species.