Lancashire

Lancashire UK locator map 2010

Lancashire numbered districts

Lancashire 1610 Speed Hondius - Restoration

Historical and current boundaries of Lancashire

Topography of Lancashire

North West Green Belt

Lancashire is a county in the northwest of England. With its history dating back to the 12th century, it was officially established in 1182. The county town is Lancaster, although the administrative center is Preston. Lancashire played a significant role during the Industrial Revolution, becoming a major commercial and industrial region, particularly known for its cotton mills and coal mines.

History

The history of Lancashire is marked by its significant role in the Industrial Revolution. The county's fast-flowing rivers, such as the River Ribble, River Irwell, and River Mersey, were instrumental in the development of the cotton industry, powering the mills that became the backbone of the local economy. This period saw Lancashire at the forefront of technological advancements and industrial growth, making it a key player in the global textile industry.

Geography

Lancashire is bordered by Cumbria to the north, North Yorkshire to the northeast, West Yorkshire and Greater Manchester to the southeast, and Merseyside along with the Irish Sea to the west. The county's geography is varied, featuring coastal plains in the west and the Pennine mountain range in the east, which provides a natural boundary with Yorkshire.

Economy

Historically, Lancashire's economy was dominated by the textile industry, particularly cotton weaving and spinning. However, the decline of this industry in the 20th century led to significant economic changes. Today, the economy is diverse, with sectors such as aerospace, higher education, and tourism playing significant roles. The county is also known for its agricultural contributions, particularly in the fertile Fylde area.

Culture

Lancashire has a rich cultural heritage, with traditions in music, dance, and cuisine. The county is famous for its Lancashire hotpot, a hearty lamb or mutton stew, and its contribution to the British music scene, particularly during the British Invasion of the 1960s. Lancashire also has a strong sporting tradition, with football, cricket, and rugby league being particularly popular.

Tourism

Tourism is an important part of Lancashire's economy, with visitors drawn to its historic towns, seaside resorts such as Blackpool, and natural beauty, including the Forest of Bowland, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The county's rich industrial heritage is showcased in museums like the Lancashire Industrial Museum and the East Lancashire Railway, a heritage steam line.

Administration

Lancashire is administratively divided into a county council, based in Preston, and several district councils. The county's boundaries have undergone changes over the years, most notably in 1974 when parts of Lancashire were transferred to new counties like Merseyside and Greater Manchester.

Education

The county is home to several higher education institutions, including Lancaster University and University of Central Lancashire, which contribute to its vibrant student population and research output.

Transport

Lancashire's transport infrastructure includes major motorways like the M6, M65, and M55, facilitating road travel across the county and to other parts of the UK. The county also benefits from extensive rail connections, including the West Coast Main Line, providing access to major cities such as London and Glasgow.