Leucocytosis

Leucocytosis
Synonyms	Leukocytosis
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Leucocytosis (also spelled leukocytosis) is a condition characterized by an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count in the blood. It is often a response to infection, inflammation, or other physiological stressors.

Causes

Leucocytosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infection: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections can lead to an increase in white blood cells.
• Inflammation: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease can cause leucocytosis.
• Stress: Physical or emotional stress can temporarily increase WBC count.
• Allergic reactions: Allergies can trigger an immune response, leading to leucocytosis.
• Leukemia: Certain types of leukemia can cause a significant increase in white blood cells.
• Tissue damage: Trauma, surgery, or burns can result in leucocytosis.
• Medications: Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can increase WBC count.

Diagnosis

Leucocytosis is typically diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the number of white blood cells in the blood. A normal WBC count ranges from 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. A count above this range indicates leucocytosis.

Types

Leucocytosis can be classified based on the type of white blood cell that is elevated:

• Neutrophilia: An increase in neutrophils, often due to bacterial infections or inflammation.
• Lymphocytosis: An increase in lymphocytes, commonly seen in viral infections.
• Monocytosis: An increase in monocytes, which can occur in chronic infections or inflammatory conditions.
• Eosinophilia: An increase in eosinophils, often associated with allergic reactions or parasitic infections.
• Basophilia: An increase in basophils, which is rare and can be associated with certain blood disorders.

Treatment

The treatment of leucocytosis depends on the underlying cause. Addressing the primary condition, such as treating an infection or managing inflammation, often resolves the elevated white blood cell count. In cases where leucocytosis is due to a medication, adjusting the dosage or switching to an alternative drug may be necessary.

See also

• Leukopenia
• Hematology
• Immune system

External links

• Mayo Clinic - Leukocytosis
• WebMD - What is Leukocytosis?