Light chain disease

Light chain disease is a rare disorder of the plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is characterized by the overproduction of light chains, which are components of antibodies. This overproduction can lead to a variety of health problems, including kidney disease and heart disease.

Overview

Light chain disease is a type of monoclonal gammopathy. Monoclonal gammopathies are conditions in which an abnormal amount of a certain type of protein is present in the blood. In the case of light chain disease, the protein in question is the light chain component of an antibody.

Symptoms

The symptoms of light chain disease can vary widely, depending on which organs are affected by the overproduction of light chains. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and weakness. If the kidneys are affected, symptoms may also include proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) and renal failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of light chain disease typically involves a series of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and biopsy of the bone marrow. These tests can help to identify the presence of excess light chains and to determine the extent of any organ damage.

Treatment

Treatment for light chain disease typically involves chemotherapy to reduce the number of abnormal plasma cells producing light chains. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may also be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for light chain disease can vary widely, depending on the extent of organ involvement and the individual's overall health. With treatment, some individuals with light chain disease can achieve a significant period of remission.

See also

• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Multiple myeloma
• Amyloidosis

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Light chain disease

Light chain disease is a rare disease.