Linear gingival erythema

Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE) is a dental disease that is characterized by a linear band of erythema (redness) at the free gingival margin. It is often associated with HIV infection and is sometimes referred to as "HIV gingivitis". However, it can also occur in individuals who are not HIV-positive.

Etiology

The exact cause of Linear Gingival Erythema is not known. It is thought to be related to an overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth, particularly Candida species. Other factors that may contribute to the development of LGE include poor oral hygiene, smoking, and systemic diseases such as diabetes.

Clinical Features

Linear Gingival Erythema is characterized by a 2-3mm band of intense redness at the free gingival margin. This erythema is not associated with gingival inflammation or bleeding on probing, which distinguishes it from gingivitis. The erythema is often more pronounced in the anterior region of the mouth, but it can affect any part of the gingiva.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Linear Gingival Erythema is primarily based on clinical examination. The presence of the characteristic linear erythema at the free gingival margin in the absence of gingival inflammation or bleeding on probing is indicative of LGE. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment of Linear Gingival Erythema involves improving oral hygiene and controlling the overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth. This may involve the use of antifungal medications to control Candida overgrowth, as well as regular professional dental cleanings. In some cases, referral to a specialist such as a periodontist may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Linear Gingival Erythema is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, if left untreated, it can lead to more serious conditions such as periodontitis, which can result in tooth loss.

See Also

• Gingivitis
• Periodontitis
• HIV/AIDS
• Oral candidiasis