List of commercially important fish species

World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021

Ctenopharyngodon idella

Engraulis ringens

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Hungary

Cyprinus carpio

Ruditapes philippinarum

Commercially Important Fish Species are those species of fish which are harvested for commercial purposes. These species are a vital part of the fishing industry, providing a significant source of protein for human consumption, as well as being used in various industrial applications. The list of commercially important fish species is extensive, encompassing a wide range of fish from different habitats, including both marine and freshwater environments.

Marine Fish

Marine fish are those that inhabit the ocean and seas. They are categorized into various groups based on their habitat and behavior.

Pelagic Fish

Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters – being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore. Some of the most important commercial species include:

• Tuna: Species such as the bluefin tuna, skipjack tuna, and yellowfin tuna are highly prized.
• Mackerel: Including species like the Atlantic mackerel and King mackerel.
• Sardines and anchovies: Small forage fish that are crucial for the fishing industry.

Demersal Fish

Demersal fish live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes. Important commercial species in this category include:

• Cod: A staple in the fishing industry, especially in the North Atlantic.
• Haddock: Another key species for the North Atlantic fishing sector.
• Flatfish: Including flounder, plaice, and sole.

Freshwater Fish

Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. Important species include:

• Catfish: Widely farmed and caught for food globally.
• Salmon: Though some species are anadromous, living in both fresh and saltwater, they are crucial for both commercial and recreational fishing.
• Carp: A staple in aquaculture, especially in Asia.

Sustainability and Conservation

The demand for fish and fish products has led to overfishing of certain species, making sustainability and conservation efforts critical. Sustainable fishing practices and aquaculture (fish farming) are being developed and implemented to ensure the long-term viability of fish populations and the ecosystems they inhabit.

Economic Importance

Commercially important fish species are a significant source of income for millions of people worldwide. The fishing industry supports not only those who are directly employed in fishing but also those in related industries such as processing, marketing, and transportation.

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