List of human cell types derived primarily from endoderm

List of Human Cell Types Derived Primarily from Endoderm

The endoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the mesoderm, and ectoderm. The endoderm is the innermost of the layers, and it differentiates to form many different types of cells and tissues within the human body. This article provides a list of human cell types that are primarily derived from the endoderm.

Gastrointestinal Tract

The endoderm forms the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, including several specialized cell types:

• Enterocytes: These cells absorb nutrients in the small intestine.
• Goblet cells: These cells secrete mucus to protect the lining of the gut.
• Paneth cells: These cells secrete antimicrobial peptides to protect the gut from infection.
• Enteroendocrine cells: These cells secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate digestion and metabolism.

Respiratory Tract

The endoderm also forms the lining of the respiratory tract, including the following cell types:

• Pneumocytes: These cells line the alveoli in the lungs and facilitate gas exchange.
• Ciliated epithelial cells: These cells line the airways and help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs.

Endocrine System

Several important cell types in the endocrine system are derived from the endoderm:

• Thyroid cells: These cells produce and secrete thyroid hormones.
• Parathyroid cells: These cells produce and secrete parathyroid hormone.
• Pancreatic islet cells: These cells produce and secrete insulin and other hormones.

Liver and Pancreas

The endoderm forms the liver and pancreas, including the following cell types:

• Hepatocytes: These cells perform most of the liver's functions, including detoxification and protein synthesis.
• Bile duct cells: These cells form the bile ducts, which carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.
• Pancreatic acinar cells: These cells produce digestive enzymes.

See Also

• List of human cell types derived primarily from mesoderm
• List of human cell types derived primarily from ectoderm

References

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