Long Island Sound

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Long Island Sound
Location	Northeastern United States
Type	Estuary
Primary inflows	Connecticut River, Housatonic River, Thames River
Primary outflows	Atlantic Ocean
Basin countries	United States
Max. length	110 mi (177 km)
Max. width	21 mi (34 km)
Surface area	1,320 sq mi (3,400 km²)
Max. depth	230 ft (70 m)
Islands	Fishers Island, Plum Island, Sheffield Island
Settlements	New York City, Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Norwalk

Long Island Sound is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean located in the Northeastern United States. It lies between the state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island to the south. The sound stretches approximately 110 miles (177 km) from the East River in New York City to Block Island Sound.

Geography

Long Island Sound is bordered by the state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island to the south. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through The Race and Block Island Sound to the east and the East River to the west. The sound has a maximum width of 21 miles (34 km) and covers an area of about 1,320 square miles (3,400 km²).

Hydrology

The primary inflows to Long Island Sound include the Connecticut River, the Housatonic River, and the Thames River. These rivers contribute to the sound's status as an estuary, where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean.

Ecology

Long Island Sound is home to a diverse range of marine life, including various species of fish, shellfish, and birds. The sound's estuarine environment provides critical habitats for many species, making it an important area for both commercial and recreational fishing.

History

The area around Long Island Sound has been inhabited for thousands of years, with Native American tribes such as the Pequot and Mohegan living along its shores. European exploration and settlement began in the early 17th century, with the Dutch and English establishing colonies in the region.

Economy

Long Island Sound plays a significant role in the economy of the surrounding region. It supports commercial fishing, shipping, and tourism industries. Major ports along the sound include Bridgeport, New Haven, and Stamford.

Environmental Concerns

Long Island Sound faces several environmental challenges, including pollution, habitat loss, and the impacts of climate change. Efforts to protect and restore the sound's ecosystem are ongoing, with various federal, state, and local agencies involved in conservation initiatives.

Recreation

The sound is a popular destination for recreational activities such as boating, fishing, and swimming. Numerous parks and beaches along the Connecticut and Long Island shores provide public access to the water.

See also

• Connecticut River
• Housatonic River
• Thames River (Connecticut)
• Long Island
• Atlantic Ocean