Lymphedema tarda

Lymphedema tarda is a condition characterized by the late onset of lymphedema, typically occurring after the age of 35. Lymphedema refers to swelling that generally occurs in one of your arms or legs, sometimes both, due to a blockage in your lymphatic system, which prevents lymph fluid from draining well, and the fluid buildup leads to swelling. While lymphedema is more commonly known to occur as a result of cancer treatment (secondary lymphedema), lymphedema tarda falls under the category of primary lymphedema, which means it occurs on its own due to the malformation or malfunction of the lymphatic vessels and is not caused by other diseases or treatments.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of lymphedema tarda is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors that affect the development of the lymphatic system. Unlike other forms of primary lymphedema, such as Milroy's disease (congenital lymphedema) and lymphedema praecox (which occurs before the age of 35), lymphedema tarda manifests later in life without a clear precipitating factor. Risk factors may include a family history of lymphedema, indicating a possible genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphedema tarda include swelling of part or all of your arm or leg, including fingers or toes. The swelling may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness or tightness, restricted range of motion, aching or discomfort, and recurring infections. The skin over the affected area may also become hard and thickened, known as lymphostatic fibrosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphedema tarda involves a medical history review and physical examination. Imaging tests such as lymphoscintigraphy, MRI, or CT scans may be used to assess the structure and function of the lymphatic system and to rule out other causes of swelling.

Treatment

There is no cure for lymphedema tarda, but it can be managed with various treatments aimed at reducing swelling and controlling pain. Treatment options include manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), compression garments, exercise, and pneumatic compression therapy. In some cases, surgery may be considered to remove excess tissue or to improve lymphatic drainage.

Prevention

Preventive measures for lymphedema tarda are limited due to its unclear causes. However, maintaining a healthy weight, practicing good skin care to avoid infections, and engaging in regular, gentle exercise to promote fluid circulation can be beneficial.

See Also

• Lymphatic system
• Lymphedema
• Milroy's disease
• Lymphedema praecox