Lymphoid cell

Lymphoid cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a significant role in the immune system. These cells are primarily involved in the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and other foreign substances. Lymphoid cells are categorized into two main types: B cells and T cells, each with distinct functions in the immune response.

Types of Lymphoid Cells

B Cells

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are responsible for the production of antibodies. These antibodies bind to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. B cells can further differentiate into memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.

T Cells

T cells, or T lymphocytes, play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. They are divided into several subsets, including:

• Helper T cells (Th cells) - Assist other white blood cells in immunologic processes, including the activation of B cells to secrete antibodies.
• Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) - Specialize in killing infected host cells, tumor cells, and cells of transplanted tissues.
• Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) - Help maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune diseases.

Function

Lymphoid cells are essential for the adaptive immune response, enabling the body to recognize, remember, and mount stronger attacks against previously encountered pathogens. They circulate through the bloodstream and the lymphatic system, surveilling for signs of infection or disease.

Development

Lymphoid cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. B cells mature in the bone marrow, while T cells migrate to the thymus to undergo maturation. The development and differentiation of these cells are influenced by various growth factors and signals within the immune system.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in lymphoid cell function or development can lead to a range of immune disorders, including:

• Immunodeficiency disorders, where the immune response is inadequate, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
• Autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
• Lymphomas and leukemias, which are cancers originating from lymphoid cells.

See Also

• Immune system
• White blood cell
• Antigen
• Antibody
• Hematopoiesis

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