Lysophosphatidic acid receptor

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA receptor) is a type of G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). This receptor is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

Function

LPA receptors are integral membrane proteins that are activated by the binding of LPA. Upon activation, these receptors initiate a cascade of intracellular events that result in the modulation of cellular responses such as cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, inhibition of neuroblastoma cell differentiation, tumor cell invasion and more.

Types

There are six known LPA receptors: LPA1, LPA2, LPA3, LPA4, LPA5, and LPA6. Each receptor has a unique tissue distribution and role in cellular signaling.

LPA1

LPA1 is widely expressed in the body and is involved in the regulation of cell migration, survival, and proliferation. It is also implicated in the pathophysiology of fibrosis and cancer.

LPA2

LPA2 is expressed in the immune system and is involved in immune cell trafficking and activation. It also plays a role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation.

LPA3

LPA3 is expressed in the reproductive system and is involved in the regulation of embryo implantation and spacing.

LPA4, LPA5, and LPA6

LPA4, LPA5, and LPA6 are less well characterized but are known to be involved in the regulation of cell migration, survival, and proliferation.

Clinical significance

Abnormal LPA receptor signaling has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and inflammation. As such, these receptors are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

See also

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Lysophosphatidic acid
• Cell signaling