M-Cresol

M-Cresol (also known as 3-Methylphenol) is an organic compound that is a derivative of phenol. It is one of the three isomers of cresol, alongside o-Cresol and p-Cresol. M-Cresol is a colorless to yellowish, crystalline solid with a distinct odor. It is naturally found in coal tar and creosote and is produced industrially by methylation of phenol or through the distillation of coal tar. M-Cresol has various applications, including its use as a precursor to other chemical compounds, in the manufacture of antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and dyes. It also plays a role in the production of pesticides and disinfectants.

Properties

M-Cresol has a molecular formula of C7H8O and a molecular weight of 108.14 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. M-Cresol has a boiling point of 202°C and a melting point of 11°C. Its vapor can mix with air to form explosive mixtures.

Production

The industrial production of m-Cresol primarily involves the sulfonation of toluene followed by alkaline desulfonation, which yields a mixture of cresol isomers. Alternatively, m-Cresol can be synthesized through the methylation of phenol using methanol in the presence of a catalyst.

Applications

M-Cresol serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It is used in the production of Vitamin E, certain plasticizers, and resins. In the pharmaceutical industry, m-Cresol is utilized as a preservative in insulin formulations and other injectable medications due to its antimicrobial properties. Additionally, it finds application in the formulation of agrochemicals and as a solvent in the chemical industry.

Health and Safety

Exposure to m-Cresol can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It is toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys. Safety measures include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensuring adequate ventilation in areas where m-Cresol is handled or stored.

Environmental Impact

M-Cresol is considered a hazardous substance and can pose risks to the environment if not managed properly. It can contaminate water sources and soil, posing a threat to aquatic life and ecosystems. Regulations and guidelines are in place to manage its production, use, and disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Regulation

The handling, use, and disposal of m-Cresol are subject to regulation by various international and national agencies to ensure human health and environmental safety. This includes regulations on air and water pollution, occupational exposure limits, and waste management.