Moraxella catarrhalis

Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus bacterium that is frequently found in the human respiratory tract. It is a significant human pathogen that causes infections primarily in the upper respiratory tract and the middle ear.

Classification

Moraxella catarrhalis belongs to the Moraxellaceae family of the Gammaproteobacteria class. It was previously known as Micrococcus catarrhalis and Neisseria catarrhalis before being classified under the Moraxella genus.

Pathogenesis

Moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has also been associated with bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, and septic arthritis in rare cases.

Treatment

The treatment of Moraxella catarrhalis infections typically involves antibiotics. The bacterium is generally susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and macrolide antibiotics. However, resistance to penicillin and ampicillin has been reported.

Epidemiology

Moraxella catarrhalis is a common inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract. It is found in approximately 3% of adults and up to 15% of children. The bacterium is spread through respiratory droplets.

See also

• Gram-negative bacteria
• Otitis media
• Respiratory tract infection