Macrophagic myofasciitis

Macrophagic Myofasciitis (MMF) is a rare inflammatory muscle disease, first identified in 1998. It is characterized by specific muscle lesions assessing long-term persistence of aluminium hydroxide within macrophages at the site of previous immunization. Symptoms include muscle weakness, joint pain, fatigue, and fever.

Etiology

The cause of MMF is not fully understood. It is believed to be related to the persistence of aluminium hydroxide used in vaccines, which remains at the site of injection for a long period of time. This leads to a chronic inflammatory response, with the presence of macrophages containing aluminium hydroxide crystals.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of MMF are muscle weakness, joint pain, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include fever, muscle pain, and an overall feeling of discomfort or illness. In some cases, patients may also experience cognitive difficulties, such as problems with memory or concentration.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MMF is based on the presence of specific muscle lesions, which can be identified through a muscle biopsy. The lesions are characterized by the presence of macrophages containing aluminium hydroxide crystals. Other diagnostic tests may include blood tests, imaging studies, and neurological examinations.

Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for MMF. Management of the condition is focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. This may involve physical therapy, pain management, and other supportive care measures. In some cases, removal of the aluminium hydroxide may be attempted, although the effectiveness of this approach is not well established.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with MMF varies. Some individuals may experience a gradual improvement in symptoms over time, while others may have persistent or worsening symptoms. The long-term effects of the condition are not well understood.

See also

• Aluminium hydroxide
• Macrophage
• Muscle biopsy

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