Malignant hypertension

Malignant Hypertension

Malignant hypertension is a severe form of hypertension that is characterized by extremely high blood pressure. It is a medical emergency that can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly and effectively.

Definition

Malignant hypertension, also known as accelerated hypertension, is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 180 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg or higher. This condition is considered malignant due to the rapid increase in blood pressure, which can cause damage to the heart, kidneys, brain, and other organs.

Causes

The exact cause of malignant hypertension is unknown. However, it is often associated with certain medical conditions such as kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, and pheochromocytoma. It can also occur as a result of certain medications or illicit drugs, such as cocaine or methamphetamines.

Symptoms

Symptoms of malignant hypertension can vary widely and may include severe headache, blurred vision, chest pain, nausea, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can lead to stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, or pulmonary edema.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of malignant hypertension is based on the measurement of blood pressure and the presence of symptoms. Additional tests may be performed to assess organ damage, including blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment of malignant hypertension involves the use of medications to rapidly lower blood pressure. These may include intravenous antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, and other medications. In addition, treatment of the underlying cause of the hypertension is also important.

Prognosis

With prompt and effective treatment, the prognosis for individuals with malignant hypertension can be good. However, if left untreated, this condition can lead to serious complications and can be fatal.

See also

• Hypertensive crisis
• Hypertensive emergency
• Hypertensive urgency

This cardiovascular disease related article is a stub.