Manihot

Manihot palmata

Manihot is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. The genus is native to the Americas and contains approximately 98 species. The most well-known and economically important species within this genus is Manihot esculenta, commonly known as cassava, manioc, or yuca. Cassava is a major source of carbohydrates in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and serves as a staple food for millions of people.

Description

Members of the Manihot genus are typically shrubs or small trees. The leaves are usually lobed, with a distinctive appearance that varies among species. The plants produce inflorescences that can be either simple or complex, with male and female flowers often found on separate plants (dioecious). The fruit of Manihot species is a capsule that contains seeds which are dispersed by various means, including wind and animals.

Cultivation and Uses

Manihot esculenta is the most widely cultivated and utilized species within the genus. Cassava can be grown in a variety of soil types, although it prefers well-drained soils. It is drought-tolerant, making it an important crop in regions with erratic rainfall. Cassava is propagated primarily through stem cuttings, as seed propagation is less common due to genetic variability and longer maturation periods.

Cassava roots are rich in starch and can be processed in various ways to produce a range of food products, including flour, tapioca, and garri. However, cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides, which can release cyanide and are toxic if not properly processed before consumption.

In addition to its use as food, cassava is also utilized in the production of starch for the textile and paper industries, as well as in the manufacture of biofuels.

Biodiversity and Conservation

The Manihot genus exhibits a high degree of biodiversity, with species adapted to a wide range of habitats. However, habitat destruction and over-exploitation of wild species for food and industrial purposes pose threats to this biodiversity. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve the genetic diversity within the genus, which is crucial for food security and the development of new and improved cassava varieties.

See Also

• Agriculture
• Crop
• Food security
• Genetic diversity