Melastoma

Starr 031118-0086 Melastoma septemnervium

Melastoma normale flower at Samsing, Duars, West Bengal W IMG 5977

Melastoma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae. The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Melastoma species are known for their distinctive purple flowers, which have made them popular as ornamental plants in gardens and landscapes around the world. The genus includes both shrubs and small trees, characterized by their opposite, lance-shaped leaves, and the unique structure of their flowers, which typically have five or six petals and numerous prominent stamens.

Description

Melastoma species vary in size from small shrubs to medium-sized trees. The leaves are simple, lanceolate, and usually have a rough texture with stiff hairs. The flowers of Melastoma are its most notable feature, usually appearing in various shades of purple, although some species may have pink or white flowers. The flowers are large, with five to six petals, and contain numerous stamens that are often longer than the petals. The fruit of Melastoma is a berry, containing several small seeds, which can be dispersed by wildlife.

Ecology

Melastoma plants play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are important pollinator attractants, especially for bees and butterflies, which feed on the nectar produced by the flowers. The berries produced by Melastoma plants are eaten by various species of birds and mammals, which help in seed dispersal. Melastoma species can be found in a range of habitats, from rainforest understories to open, disturbed areas, indicating their adaptability to different environmental conditions.

Cultivation and Uses

Melastoma is cultivated for its ornamental value, thanks to its attractive flowers and foliage. They are used in landscape design, in gardens, and as hedge plants. Some species are also used in traditional medicine in their native regions, where they are believed to have various therapeutic properties. However, care should be taken in introducing Melastoma species to non-native areas, as they can become invasive under certain conditions, outcompeting local flora.

Species

There are numerous species within the Melastoma genus, including:

• Melastoma malabathricum, also known as the Malabar melastome, is one of the most widely distributed and well-known species.
• Melastoma sanguineum, known for its striking red-purple flowers.
• Melastoma candidum, which has white flowers, a less common coloration in this genus.

Conservation

While many Melastoma species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and over-collection have led to a decline in some species. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of these species, particularly those with limited distributions and those that are habitat-specific. Conservation strategies may include habitat preservation, cultivation in botanical gardens, and seed banking.