Meniscus

Meniscus is a term used in anatomy to refer to a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that, in contrast to an articular disc, only partly divides a joint cavity. In humans, the term is most commonly used to refer to the menisci of the knee, but can also be used to describe other formations in the body such as the meniscus of the temporomandibular joint.

Anatomy

The menisci of the knee are two crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage located between the thighbone and the shinbone. They act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee. Each knee has two menisci, the medial meniscus on the inner part of the knee and the lateral meniscus on the outer part of the knee.

Function

The menisci serve several functions in the knee joint. They serve as shock absorbers, help distribute weight across the knee joint, and aid in lubrication of the joint. In addition, they play a role in proprioception, the body's ability to sense its own position in space.

Clinical significance

Injury to the meniscus is a common occurrence, particularly in athletes. Meniscal tears can occur as a result of trauma, such as twisting or over-flexing the knee, or they can develop gradually as a result of aging and wear and tear. Symptoms of a meniscal tear may include pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty moving the knee.

Treatment for meniscal tears depends on the size and location of the tear, the patient's age and activity level, and the surgeon's preference. Treatment options may include rest, physical therapy, arthroscopic surgery, or in some cases, total knee replacement.

See also

• Meniscus (anatomy)
• Meniscus tear
• Meniscus transplant
• Knee pain
• Knee surgery