Mercury
Mercury
Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. The only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine.
Properties[edit | edit source]
Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element. It is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury has a melting point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C. It has a density of 13.534 g/cm³, making it one of the densest elements.
Occurrence[edit | edit source]
Mercury is found in deposits throughout the world, mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide.
Uses[edit | edit source]
Mercury has been used in various applications throughout history. It is used in thermometers, barometers, and other scientific instruments. Mercury is also used in dental amalgams, fluorescent lighting, and batteries. However, due to its toxicity, the use of mercury is being phased out in many applications.
Toxicity[edit | edit source]
Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic and can cause serious health problems. Exposure to mercury can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Mercury poisoning can lead to neurological and behavioral disorders, and it is particularly harmful to developing fetuses and young children.
Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]
Mercury pollution is a significant environmental issue. It can accumulate in the food chain, particularly in fish and shellfish, leading to higher concentrations in predators. Efforts are being made globally to reduce mercury emissions and limit its use.
History[edit | edit source]
Mercury has been known since ancient times. It was used by the ancient Chinese and Hindus and has been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 1500 BC. The alchemists considered mercury to be one of the principal substances along with sulfur and salt.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Periodic table
- Heavy metals
- Toxicology
- Environmental science
- Chemical element
- Cinnabar
- Mercury poisoning
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
