Mers

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS is part of the larger family of coronaviruses, which can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19.

Symptoms

The symptoms of MERS can range from mild to severe and typically include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Pneumonia
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting

In severe cases, MERS can lead to respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit (ICU). The disease can be fatal, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.

Transmission

MERS is primarily spread through close contact with an infected person. This can occur through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. There is also evidence that MERS can be transmitted from dromedary camels to humans, as the virus has been found in camels in several countries in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MERS is typically confirmed through laboratory testing of respiratory samples, such as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Other diagnostic methods may include serology tests to detect antibodies against MERS-CoV.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for MERS. Management of the disease primarily involves supportive care to relieve symptoms and treat complications. This may include:

• Oxygen therapy
• Intravenous fluids
• Antipyretics for fever
• Analgesics for pain

Prevention

Preventive measures for MERS include:

• Practicing good hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Avoiding contact with camels and consuming raw camel products
• Following infection control practices in healthcare settings

Epidemiology

Since its discovery, MERS has been reported in several countries, with the majority of cases occurring in the Middle East. Outbreaks have also been reported in other regions, including South Korea in 2015. The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to monitor the situation and provide updates on the spread of the virus.

See also

• Coronavirus
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• COVID-19
• World Health Organization
• Intensive care unit