Mesalazine

A medication used to treat inflammatory bowel disease

Mesalazine

Mesalazine, also known as mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is a medication used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is an anti-inflammatory drug that works by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the lining of the colon that cause inflammation.

Medical uses

Mesalazine is primarily used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. It is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. The drug is also used in the treatment of mild to moderate Crohn's disease, although its efficacy in Crohn's disease is less well established compared to ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis

In ulcerative colitis, mesalazine is used to reduce inflammation in the colon and rectum. It is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, enemas, and suppositories, allowing for targeted delivery to the affected areas of the gastrointestinal tract. The choice of formulation depends on the extent and location of the disease.

Crohn's disease

While mesalazine is less commonly used in Crohn's disease, it may be prescribed for patients with mild disease affecting the colon. Its role in Crohn's disease is more limited, and other medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be preferred for more severe cases.

Mechanism of action

Mesalazine works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and reducing the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are chemicals involved in the inflammatory process. This action helps to decrease inflammation in the lining of the intestines, alleviating symptoms such as pain and diarrhea.

Side effects

Common side effects of mesalazine include headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Serious side effects are rare but can include kidney problems, liver dysfunction, and blood disorders. Patients are usually monitored with regular blood tests to detect any adverse effects early.

Pharmacokinetics

Mesalazine is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, which is beneficial for its action in the colon. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. The drug's half-life varies depending on the formulation and route of administration.

Formulations

Mesalazine is available in several formulations, including:

• Oral tablets and capsules
• Rectal suppositories
• Rectal enemas

These different forms allow for targeted treatment depending on the location of the disease within the gastrointestinal tract.

Related pages

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohn's disease
• Aminosalicylate