Mesangial

Mesangial cells are specialized cells in the kidney that make up the mesangium: an area of the kidney glomerulus that is directly involved in the filtration of blood to form urine. The mesangium is a critical part of the kidney's ultrafiltration system, and mesangial cells play several key roles in this process.

Structure

Mesangial cells are located in the central part of the glomerulus, between the capillary loops. They are surrounded by a matrix of proteins and other substances that they secrete. This matrix provides structural support to the capillaries and also plays a role in the filtration process.

Function

Mesangial cells have several important functions:

• Structural support: They provide physical support to the glomerular capillaries, helping to maintain their shape and integrity.

• Filtration: They contribute to the filtration of blood by secreting substances that make up the mesangial matrix. This matrix acts as a filter, allowing certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

• Phagocytosis: They can engulf and digest unwanted substances, a process known as phagocytosis. This helps to keep the glomerulus clean and functioning properly.

• Regulation of blood flow: They can contract and relax, similar to muscle cells, which allows them to regulate blood flow through the glomerulus.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in mesangial cells can lead to various kidney diseases. For example, in glomerulonephritis, the mesangial cells can become overactive, leading to inflammation and damage to the glomerulus. In diabetic nephropathy, high blood sugar levels can cause the mesangial cells to produce too much matrix, which can clog the glomerulus and impair its function.

See also

• Kidney
• Glomerulus
• Glomerulonephritis
• Diabetic nephropathy

Mesangial Resources
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