Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a type of metabotropic glutamate receptor that plays a significant role in the central nervous system. These receptors are part of the G protein-coupled receptor family and are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Function

mGluR2 receptors are predominantly found in the brain and are involved in a variety of neurological processes. They are known to modulate the release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), two of the brain's primary neurotransmitters. This modulation is crucial for maintaining the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain, which is essential for normal brain function.

Structure

Like all metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor. This means it has seven transmembrane domains and is coupled to a G protein, which is activated when the receptor binds to glutamate. The activated G protein then triggers a series of intracellular events, leading to the modulation of neuronal activity.

Clinical significance

Alterations in mGluR2 function have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder. As such, mGluR2 is a potential target for the development of new treatments for these conditions. Several drugs that modulate mGluR2 activity are currently under investigation in clinical trials.

See also

• Metabotropic glutamate receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Glutamate
• Neurotransmitter