Metacarpal bones

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(Redirected from Metacarpalia)

Metacarpal Bones[edit | edit source]

human hand with the metacarpal bones

The metacarpal bones are a group of five long bones in the hand located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) and the carpal bones of the wrist, which together form the skeleton of the palm. They are part of the appendicular skeleton and contribute to the complex structure that allows for a wide range of motion and dexterity in the human hand.

Structure and Function[edit | edit source]

An anatomical illustration of the human hand with the metacarpal bones highlighted.

Anatomy of the Metacarpals[edit | edit source]

Each metacarpal bone is cylindrical in shape and has three parts: the base, shaft, and head. The base is the portion that articulates with the carpal bones, the shaft is the elongated part, and the head is the rounded portion that connects to the phalanges.

Diagram showing the parts of a metacarpal bone.

The first metacarpal bone, associated with the thumb, is shorter and more mobile than the others, allowing for the thumb's unique opposable function. This opposability is a key factor in the ability of humans to perform precision grip tasks.

Function[edit | edit source]

The metacarpals support the palm and allow for the movement of the fingers. They play a vital role in hand functions such as gripping, holding, and manipulating objects of various sizes and shapes. The arrangement of the metacarpal bones also contributes to the arches of the hand, which help in the distribution of forces during hand activities.

Development and Ossification[edit | edit source]

Metacarpal bones develop from cartilage through a process called endochondral ossification. This process typically begins in the womb and continues through childhood and adolescence until the bones fully ossify.

An X-ray showing the ossification of metacarpal bones in a developing child.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Fractures and Injuries[edit | edit source]

Metacarpal bones are susceptible to fractures, commonly resulting from direct trauma or compressive forces. Boxer's fracture is a well-known injury specifically affecting the neck of the second and third metacarpal bones.

Disorders[edit | edit source]

Certain conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can affect the metacarpal bones, leading to pain and reduced hand function. Moreover, congenital anomalies such as brachydactyly or syndactyly may involve the metacarpal bones.

Comparative Anatomy[edit | edit source]

In other mammals, the structure of the metacarpal bones varies according to the species' mode of locomotion. In hoofed animals, these bones are elongated and adapted to bear weight, while in winged creatures like bats, they are elongated and connected to support the wing membrane.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]


External Links[edit | edit source]


Metacarpal bones Resources
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