Mitral prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a cardiovascular condition in which the two leaflets of the mitral valve in the heart do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium. MVP is the most common form of valvular heart disease.

Symptoms

Most people with mitral valve prolapse do not have symptoms, but when symptoms do occur, they typically include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. These symptoms are likely to occur when the prolapse is associated with mitral regurgitation.

Causes

Mitral valve prolapse can be caused by a variety of factors. It is often a hereditary condition, passed down through families. Other causes can include rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, and certain connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome.

Diagnosis

Mitral valve prolapse is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and confirmed with an echocardiogram. Other diagnostic tests may include a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and cardiac MRI.

Treatment

Treatment for mitral valve prolapse depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. In mild cases, treatment may not be necessary. In more severe cases, treatment options can include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with mitral valve prolapse is generally good. Most people with the condition live a normal life. However, complications can occur, including mitral regurgitation, heart failure, and arrhythmia.

See also

• Heart valve
• Cardiology
• Cardiovascular disease