Myopia, infantile severe

Infantile Severe Myopia is a condition characterized by an extreme degree of myopia (nearsightedness) that is present at birth or develops within the first few years of life. This condition falls under the broader category of refractive errors, which affect the eye's ability to focus light accurately on the retina, leading to blurred vision.

Causes and Risk Factors

Infantile severe myopia is often caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The exact mechanism can vary, but it generally involves an abnormal elongation of the eye's axial length, which causes light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on its surface. Genetic predispositions, premature birth, and certain developmental disorders can increase the risk of developing this condition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of infantile severe myopia is significantly impaired distance vision from a very young age. Children with this condition may exhibit signs of visual discomfort, such as squinting, excessive blinking, or rubbing their eyes frequently. In some cases, it can also lead to strabismus (crossed eyes) or amblyopia (lazy eye).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of infantile severe myopia typically involves a comprehensive eye examination. Due to the age of the patients, specialized pediatric ophthalmologists may use techniques and equipment suited for infants and young children to assess visual acuity, refractive error, and the health of the eye's internal structures.

Treatment

Treatment options for infantile severe myopia aim to correct the refractive error and support normal visual development. This may include the prescription of corrective lenses, such as glasses or contact lenses, from a very young age. In some cases, orthokeratology (the use of specially designed contact lenses that temporarily reshape the cornea) may be recommended. Surgical interventions, though less common in young children, can be considered in specific circumstances.

Prognosis

With early and appropriate management, children with infantile severe myopia can lead a life with normal visual function. Regular follow-up with a pediatric ophthalmologist is crucial to monitor the progression of the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

Prevention

While genetic factors play a significant role in the development of infantile severe myopia, early detection and intervention are key to preventing its potential complications. Parents and caregivers are encouraged to seek regular eye examinations for their children, especially if there is a family history of refractive errors or other eye conditions.

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