Myxoedema

Myxoedema (or myxedema) is a term used to describe a specific form of severe hypothyroidism that is characterized by swelling of the skin and underlying tissues, giving a waxy consistency. The term is derived from the Greek words "myxa" meaning mucus, and "oedema" meaning swelling. It is most commonly seen in women and is often associated with thyroid failure, particularly in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of myxoedema can vary greatly from person to person, but often include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression. Other symptoms may include dry skin, thinning hair, slow heart rate, and decreased sweating. In severe cases, myxoedema can lead to myxoedema coma, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

Myxoedema is primarily caused by an underactive thyroid gland that is not producing enough thyroid hormone. This can be due to a variety of reasons, including autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, certain medications, radiation therapy to the neck, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland. In rare cases, myxoedema can also be caused by a pituitary gland disorder.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of myxoedema is typically based on a combination of physical examination findings and laboratory tests. The most common test is a blood test to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). High levels of TSH and low levels of T4 are indicative of hypothyroidism.

Treatment

Treatment for myxoedema typically involves replacing the missing thyroid hormone with a synthetic version, such as levothyroxine. This medication is usually taken for life, and regular blood tests are needed to ensure the correct dose is being given.

See also

• Hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Myxoedema coma

Myxoedema Resources
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