Nairobi sheep disease

Nairobi Sheep Disease (also known as Ganjam virus) is a tick-borne disease that primarily affects sheep and goats. It is named after Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, where the disease was first identified. The disease is caused by the Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), a member of the Nairovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family.

Epidemiology

Nairobi Sheep Disease is endemic in East Africa, particularly in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. It has also been reported in India, where it is known as Ganjam virus. The disease is transmitted by ticks, specifically the Rhipicephalus appendiculatus species. The virus can also be transmitted vertically from an infected ewe to her offspring.

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

The disease is characterized by high fever, diarrhea, nasal discharge, and sudden death in severe cases. The mortality rate can be as high as 90% in susceptible populations. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and can be confirmed by laboratory tests such as ELISA or PCR.

Prevention and Control

Prevention and control of Nairobi Sheep Disease primarily involves tick control measures, such as the use of acaricides and regular inspection of animals for ticks. Vaccination is also an effective method of control, with a live attenuated vaccine available in areas where the disease is endemic.

Impact

Nairobi Sheep Disease has a significant economic impact in affected regions due to high mortality rates and reduced productivity in surviving animals. It also poses a threat to food security in these areas, as sheep and goats are important sources of meat and milk.

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