National Bioethics Advisory Commission

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National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) was established by Executive Order 12975, signed by President Bill Clinton on October 3, 1995. The commission was tasked with advising the National Science and Technology Council and other appropriate government entities on issues pertaining to the protection of human research subjects and issues in the management and use of genetic information, including human gene patenting. The NBAC was part of a broader effort to address complex ethical issues arising from advances in biomedical science and biotechnology.

History

The establishment of the NBAC was a response to growing public and professional concern about the ethical implications of rapid advances in biomedical and behavioral research. The commission was charged with promoting ethical conduct in scientific research and medical practice. Its creation followed a tradition of national bioethics advisory bodies in the United States, beginning with the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in the 1970s.

Mandate

The NBAC's mandate included the review of research protocols to ensure the protection of human subjects, the examination of ethical issues in genetic testing and therapy, and the consideration of the implications of human cloning. The commission was specifically directed to identify broad principles to govern the ethical conduct of research, propose safeguards for research subjects, and recommend actions by national and international bodies.

Activities and Impact

During its tenure, the NBAC produced a series of reports and recommendations on various topics, including human cloning, research involving human subjects, and the management of genetic information. These reports often had a significant impact on public policy and contributed to the development of guidelines and regulations governing biomedical research. The commission's work also fostered public debate on bioethical issues, raising awareness and stimulating discussion among policymakers, researchers, and the general public.

Disbandment

The NBAC was disbanded in October 2001, following the expiration of its authorization. Its functions were effectively succeeded by the President's Council on Bioethics, established by President George W. Bush in 2001. The transition reflected changes in the political landscape and in the priorities for bioethics policy and advisory functions within the U.S. government.

Legacy

The legacy of the NBAC lies in its contributions to the establishment of ethical guidelines and policies in biomedical research. Its reports continue to be referenced in bioethical debates and policy formulation. The commission played a pivotal role in highlighting the importance of ethical considerations in the advancement of science and technology, influencing both national and international discussions on bioethics.